Fossil Angiosperm Leaves: Paleobotany's Difficult Children Prove Themselves

Fossil evidence for Cretaceous escalation in angiosperm leaf vein evolution.

The flowering plants that dominate modern vegetation possess leaf gas exchange potentials that far exceed those of all other living or extinct plants. The great divide in maximal ability to exchange CO(2) for water between leaves of nonangiosperms and angiosperms forms the mechanistic foundation for speculation about how angiosperms drove sweeping ecological and biogeochemical change during the...

Idiopathic hypertrophic cranial pachymeningitis: easy to suspect, difficult to prove.

Idiopathic hypertrophic cranial pachymeningitis (IHCP) is a chronic fibrosing inflammatory condition of dura mater resulting in thickening of dura.1 It has a non specific clinical picture comprising headache, vomiting, cranial nerve palsy, ataxia, raised intracranial pressure and focal neurological deficit. These symptoms and signs in IHCP are due to entrapment of cranial nerves, occulsion of C...

Difficult and Defective Children.

A child whose management and training never present difficulties is not a normal child, and when we speak of a ' difficult ' child, we mean by the term special difficulty either in degree or nature, or in both. The difficulty is frequently one of behaviour, such as, for example, disobedience, lying, fighting, temper, thieving, enuresis. All such are instances of difficulty of excessive degree, ...

Hostels for "Difficult Children"

Using fossil leaves as paleoprecipitation indicators: An Eocene example

Estimates of past precipitation are of broad interest for many areas of inquiry, including reconstructions of past environments and topography, climate modeling, and ocean circulation studies. The shapes and sizes of living leaves are highly sensitive to moisture conditions, and assemblages of fossil leaves of flowering plants have great potential as paleoprecipitation indicators. Most quantita...